Category: Communication

Wow!

I am republishing a post by Patrice Ayme!

But first I want to publish a comment left by me on Tuesday morning.

This is (marginally) beyond my intellect. But I understood sufficient to be amazed by the incredible facts of the vastness of space.

We live just far enough away from the nearest town so that the electric lights do not interfere with the night sky.

When we have a clear moonless night I stand on our rear deck and look up at the stars and become lost, in the sense that I do not think, in gazing and gazing and g….. and g…. and ..

The vastness of space!

Now to the article.

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Abstract: Modern cosmological theories of the 2010s are incredibly precise. Those Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛLCDM) theories have a problem: the acceleration of the expansion of the universe computed in our cosmic neighborhood disagrees with the acceleration of the expansion computed using what is viewed as the early universe. It is a question of 73 locally versus 68 early on. But these are accelerations…

Only SQPR has something deep to say about this situation, because in that theory “Dark Energy” augments with time (so the local Hubble constant should be higher than any old one…) .

***

In the first half of the 20C a number of European and US astronomers, including Hubble, a lawyer turned astronomer using the world’s most powerful telescope (in California), established that the universe was expanding. Isolated galaxies, and giant clusters of galaxies, were observed to separate from each other. When Hubble announced the expansion (which had been guessed by some of his European colleagues), he got a number that was so high that the universe was younger than the Sun. That was corrected by Baade, a German astronomer. 

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DARK MATTER:

Meanwhile, in 1933 Fritz Zwicky, a Swiss at Caltech, studying the giant Coma cluster of more than 1,000 galaxies, saw that they were moving too fast for the observed mass, and announced Dunkle Materie, Dark Matter. Nobody liked that, and ignoring it was facilitated by what was viewed as Zwicky’s insufferable, eccentric personality (as all people of exceptional intellect). Fritz also coined the term “supernova” while fostering the concept of neutron stars.(Zwicky also pushed for “Tired Light” theory (which SQPR predicts)… what was viewed as a major irritant by the Big Bangists…) 

A generation later, Vera Rubin, an astronomer at Carnegie, confirmed after studying 60 galaxies and Andromeda with a state of the art spectrometer, that, well, the galaxies rotated too much like plates (and not just like vortices)… confirming Zwicky’s Dark Matter. She was not ignored, although a woman and a mother to boot. A major observatory coming on line at high altitude in the Atacama desert bears her name. It’s not called the Zwicky. Maybe Zwicky should have claimed to be a woman?

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DARK ENERGY:

Dark Energy is the name given to whatever is causing the accelerating expansion of the universe. Here’s a quick presentation of what We (Sort of) Know:

In the late 1990s, astronomers studying distant supernovae discovered that the universe’s expansion is speeding up, not slowing down. This was unexpected—gravity, a constant force towards the center of mass (whatever that is!) should be pulling everything together, slowing the expansion down. Something must be pushing it apart (another explanation -not usually considered- would be that gravity weakens over ultra-cosmological distances… as SQPR would have it).

That “something” supposedly pushing galactic clusters apart, is what we call Dark Energy. It’s not directly observed, but, like many things in science, inferred from its effects. How Much of the Universe Is It?

According to the reigning current models (like Lambda-CDM), the universe is roughly: 68% dark energy, 27% dark matter… and 5% regular matter (you, me, stars, planets, etc.)

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What Might Dark Energy Be? There are a few theoriescharacterized by a parcimony of imagination:

Cosmological Constant (Λ) – Einstein originally added this to his equations of general relativity. It represents a constant energy density filling space uniformly. Einstein put it in to prevent the equation representing gravitation in the universe to collapse the universe gravitationally. As a prima donna, he later claimed that to be his “greatest mistake”, as otherwise he, Einstein The Great Again, would have “predicted” the expansion of the universe. In any case, the Cosmological Constant (Λ) explains nothing, it’s just a description of behavior (but supposes a few things one may be able to contradict)..

Quintessence – Turning the  constant Λ into a dynamic field, evolving over space and time.

Modified Gravity – Maybe gravity doesn’t work quite the way we think on cosmic scales, and we don’t need a “dark energy” at all. The problem is that the “official” MONDs (MOdified Newtonian Dynamics) were devised to explain Dark Matter in galaxies… But they failed. 

***

The only proposed theory that is not just a description of behavior, is SQPR, Sub Quantic, Physical Reality.y Is Dark Energy So Weird:

The energy density of dark energy stays constant (or nearly so), even as the universe expands.

This means more space = more dark energy, which further accelerates expansion.

In SQPR this is directly explained by the weakening of gravity as the carrier bosons are ripped apart…Because the Quantum Interaction is not of infinite range…

*** 

73 – 68 = 5… 5 km/s per Megaparsec…Let’s meditate on this. Over a billion years, if we have two objects the distance of which augments at 15,000 km/s. It turns out that affects severely the famed high precision of the age of the universe… which I always took with a bucket of salt…

A higher Hubble constant affects key cosmic stats — assuming a flat universe with ΛCDM (standard model). These numbers are approximate and based on best-fit ΛCDM calculations — exact values depend on details like matter/dark energy density. The difference might not seem huge in light-years, but in cosmology, even a 5% shift is massive — it changes how we model the early universe, galaxy formation, and fundamental physics.

Hubble Constant (H₀) 67 km/s/Mpc (Planck satellite): Age of Universe ~13.8 billion years; Radius of Observable Universe ~46.5 billion light-years; Diameter ~93 BLY

At the higher 73 km/s/Mpc ( from Local data), the age of the universe is only ~13.0 billion years, the observable radius  ~43.8 billion light-years, its diameter, ~87.6 BLY

***

Astronomy has long led towards new physics. F = ma, the crucial “2nd law” of mechanics was discovered by Buridan, circa 1340 CE, by mentally exploring what happened to a falling body (I read Buridan directly and made that conclusion myself). Then Buridan suggested that his first law (no force, no change of impetus; implicitly considers them to be vectors) implied that planets would keep rotating indefinitely… Then of course there was the synthesis in the 17C from Kepler to Newton… Observing the satellites of Jupiter and their twenty minute delay when they are the furthest from Earth, gave the speed of light..

Supposing that the Quantum Interaction which teleports quantum states does so at finite speed, gives Dark Matter and Dark Energy….

 Is a very simple modification… but quite at odds from the way physicists learn Quantum Physics.

Anyway, the mildly called “Hubble Tension” is turning into the “Hubble Crisis”. Good, With enough crises, we may get somewhere…

Patrice Ayme 

Please contemplate below with what the scandal started, the Coma Cluster of 1,000+ galaxies… Zwicky computed that the visible mass would have to be multiplied by 400 to hold the cluster together…

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The absolute vastness of space!

Picture Parade Four Hundred and Sixty-Seven

More of Cloudy.

(But because he is so lively I had trouble taking a good photograph.)

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I will keep trying!

A guide to staying fulfilled in later life.

This article in The Conversation spoke to me!

So it is the 1st April and, here in Oregon, we had over half-an-inch of rain yesterday; Spring hasn’t yet arrived!

I’m at the age where I think much more about dying than I used to, say, ten years ago. Frankly, I’m not ready to go yet!

So when I saw this article from The Conversation I wanted to share it with you.

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Want to stay healthier and fulfilled later in life? Try volunteering

New volunteers get trained in Lexington, Ky., to help out at CASA of Lexington in April 2023. AP Photo/Joshua A. Bickel

Cal J. Halvorsen, Washington University in St. Louis and Seoyoun Kim, University of Michigan

As gerontologists – social scientists who study aging populations – we envision a future in which older people leave a doctor’s visit with a prescription to go volunteer for something.

Does that sound far-fetched? There’s scientific research backing it up.

Good for your health

While spending more than a dozen years researching what happens when older adults volunteer with nonprofits, including churches, we’ve found that volunteers consider themselves to be in better health than their peers who don’t. In addition, their blood pressure is lower, and they appear to be aging more slowly than other people of the same age.

Other researchers have found that volunteering is associated with a lower risk of having a heart attack.

The mental health benefits are just as striking.

Volunteering is tied to having fewer symptoms of depression and being more satisfied with your life. It often brings an instant boost in mood – along with a deeper sense of meaning and purpose.

Even engaging in what’s known as “informal helping” – lending a hand to friends, neighbors or community members in need, without getting paid or participating in an organized program – can help you in similar ways.

There are also health benefits for those who start volunteering much earlier in life.

Children and teens who volunteer tend to have better health and lower levels of anxiety and fewer behavioral problems than those who don’t volunteer.

Changing demographics

The number of U.S. adults at least 62 years old – the earliest age at which you can claim Social Security retirement benefits – has grown by nearly 35 million since 2000, while the number of children and teens under 18 has fallen by nearly 1.5 million. There are now about 76 million Americans over 62 and 71 million under 18.

This change has been gradual. Following a long-term demographic shift, record numbers of Americans are reaching retirement age.

Benefits for society and the economy

The benefits of volunteering aren’t just for the volunteers themselves.

The total value of the hours of unpaid work volunteers put in totals an estimated US$170 billion each year, according to AmeriCorps, the federal agency focused on national and community service.

And participating in community service programs can lead to better job prospects for volunteers, that same agency has found.

AmeriCorps Seniors, which focuses on engaging volunteers ages 55 and older, runs programs that offer major benefits to their communities. These include the Foster Grandparent program, which connects older adult mentors to children, and the Senior Companion program, which connects volunteers to older adults seeking some help to continue living independently in their own homes.

A current AmeriCorps Seniors pilot program is helping adults 55 and up, who can have more trouble landing new jobs than younger people, gain new job skills through their community service.

People of all ages can get together through volunteering. Some organizations intentionally encourage this kind of intergenerational cooperation, including CoGenerate and Generations United.

Rebuilding communities

Researchers have also found that volunteering may increase trust within a community, especially when it brings together people from different backgrounds.

It can strengthen “social cohesion,” a term researchers use to describe how much people bond and help each other, and reduce prejudice.

Volunteers’ views on social issues may change through their work, too: More than 4 in 5 adults over 55 who tutored public school students to strengthen their reading skills in the national Experience Corps program, for example, stated that their views on public education evolved as a result. Those volunteers expressed more support for public education and said they’d be more likely to vote in favor of spending on schools.

An American pastime

Our findings are backed by science, but they also have roots in American history.

Alexis de Tocqueville – a French philosopher and diplomat who arrived in the United States in 1831 to study the new nation’s penal system – was so impressed by the scale of volunteering in the U.S. that he wrote about it in his 1835 book “Democracy in America.”

Tocqueville observed that “Americans of all ages, all conditions, all minds” were likely to unite in many kinds of groups or associations.

More recently, former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy has said that volunteering can strengthen communities, and that “community is a powerful source of life satisfaction and life expectancy.”

If you aren’t volunteering today, here are a few ideas to help you begin.

Start small. Try joining an organization or association in your community, taking part in neighborhood cleanups or volunteering at your local senior center, animal shelter or museum. Love gardening? You can take care of local parks, conservation areas, community gardens and more.

Once you’re ready for a bigger commitment, consider becoming a mentor through programs such as OASIS Intergenerational Tutoring or Big Brothers Big Sisters.

And consider a more extensive level of commitment to organizations or causes you care deeply about. This might include joining a nonprofit board of directors, volunteering more hours, or taking on a volunteer leadership role.

At a time when trust is eroding and divisions seem insurmountable, volunteering offers something rare: an evidence-backed way to reconnect with communities, institutions and each other.

Reach out to your favorite nonprofit, visit Volunteer.gov or VolunteerMatch.org, or connect with a nonprofit resource center, a regional United Way or a community foundation to find volunteer opportunities near you.

Cal J. Halvorsen, Associate Professor of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis and Seoyoun Kim, Associate adjunct of Sociology, University of Michigan

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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The challenge is I no longer have a driver’s license. Plus Jean has Parkinson’s Disease. But if there is a way to overcome these obstacles and doing some volunteering then that would be a very positive way ahead.

My dear friend, Richard.

Richard’s funeral was last Thursday.

Julie, his partner, sent me the Order of Service, held on the 20th, that I have published on LfD today.

Richard Maugham – Order of Service V4Download

(Click on the link to see the complete Order.)

UPDATE: Here is the service, sent to me on Sunday by Julie.

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In Loving Memory and to 

Celebrate the Life of

Richard Julian Maugham

28th October 1946 – 9th February 2025

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Entrance Music – 

Theme from Out of Africa (Flying Scene)

By John Barry

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A very warm welcome as we unite in both love and friendship to say, not just goodbye, but more importantly to pay tribute and to celebrate the life of Richard Julian Maugham.

———————-

Richard was a true character, one of a kind, sociable, funny and a wonderful raconteur who led a varied and interesting life which we will hear more about shortly but even then, we will barely scratch the surface of all he was, but I hope when you leave here this afternoon that you will do so with a real sense of having shared in something special, for a friendly, popular and unique individual.

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Reflection Music

We start today by playing a song from one of Richard’s favourite bands The Eagle’s, please sit back, listen and enjoy – ‘It’s Your World Now’ 

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Eulogy

The word Eulogy refers to a tribute of somebody’s life and it’s a pleasure for me share these words on behalf of Richard’s family and friends.

Richard was welcomed into this world on 28th October 1946 to parents Phylis and Lesley, born in Chiswick he would join his elder sister Vivienne who aged 4 was quizzed if she would prefer a brother or sister, prompting her response ‘I don’t really mind as long as it’s NOT a boy!’

But fortunately, it didn’t matter as Richard and Vivienne forged a wonderful relationship over the years and although not spending a lot of time together early on, Vivienne has such fond memories of cycling together with a picnic to the local swimming pool and also their cycle trips out with their dad too, Vivienne still recalls seeing Richard with his legs pedalling rapidly as he sped across the ground on the popular child’s bike of that era nicknamed the ‘fairycycle’.  

They both appreciated their safe and secure upbringing enjoying quiet Christmas’s together with a few close relatives and even when their paths took them in different directions, they remained good friends with a great rapport and comfortable in each other’s company. Richard was always very fond of his sister but also couldn’t wait for her to get married and leave home so he could inherit her bedroom however after waiting patiently for this happen his plan was scuppered when his grandma moved in instead! This gave Vivienne a little chuckle at the time having been pestered constantly to tie the knot.

Growing up in Twickenham, Richard passed his eleven plus with ease and attended the best Boy’s Grammer School in the area which would certainly hold him in good stead throughout his career, Richard was sharp as a knife, a confident lad and already showing signs of having the gift of the gab plus a real knack of making friends, with some of you here today as his lifelong friends for over 65 years namely Ken and Robin who formed part of the group known as the Young Pretenders, all meeting annually in the summer for the past 30 years and to Richard this was a very important and a valued friendship group that he held with a great deal of affection. 

Richard’s career path would typify his character a hard worker, charming, good with people and a fantastic communicator but the ideal person equipped to give us the best insight into Richard’s background is one of his best friends Tony, who shared these wonderful memories with me about the various sides to Richard having meet him in 1968 when working together in the Olivetti Sales and Management Training Centre in Haslemere. Tony was there to replace Richard or Dick as he was known then and to create a smooth transition within the workplace. But little did anyone know just what an impact this would have on the 2 of them and their future as friends, Tony for the first 3 months or so watched his every move, listened to his advice and even copied his jokes especially as they both shared the same sense of humour! Tony mused that Richard was your true dapper gentlemen, always extremely smartly dressed and often took on the role as Tony’s personal shopper, costing Tony a fortune in the process but it ensured he looked the part too, ready for their many nights out in Guildford or Haslemere and needless to say with that gift of the gab again, his looks and witty personality they had some memorable and extremely fun times through the years, Tony even recalls the time they attended the Cannes Film Festival, staying in a slightly sleazy apartment they nevertheless donned their best evening suits and walked the red carpet, a treasured memory.

This chance meeting at Olivetti really was the start of something very special, even when Richard went off to become a manager in Croydon and his career took him on a different pathway via some office supplies companies, a spell in Oman in the Middle East which certainly left an impression on him and onto roles in the car industry with Audi and VW as part of the Inchcape Group, Tony will forever remember the fond memories of their shared flats, shared holidays, shared clothing  and a shared love of being just little rascals when together, so as you can imagine Tony was beyond proud when Richard asked him to be his Best Man when he married Jane in 1986, returning the compliment when Tony married as well some years later.

But Tony wasn’t the only lifelong friend that Richard would make during his salesmen years, for in 1982, whilst both selling the Commodore ‘PET’, he would encounter a fellow salesman, Paul, meeting in the Petjet, the private small jet owned by Jack Tramiel, the CEO of Commodore, they hit it off immediately while travelling to the Hannover International Fair.

Richard and Paul took the pilots out for dinner that evening which inspired Paul to start gliding and later power flying, Richard flew on many occasions with Paul, as both being members of a private aircraft club, they would often hire a plane to fly to Jersey or Scotland but one memorable flight was their trip to visit Tony, who had recently relocated to South West France, flying to Bergerac airport they stayed a few nights enjoying Tony’s hospitality before flying back home. 

Richard by now had also developed a passion for all things aeronautical, often visiting air shows in later years and was visibly moved to tears whilst witnessing a Spitfire fly past when attending a Remembrance celebration at Seagry near Chippenham, a very special moment for him.

Paul’s friendship with Richard would continue to grow, living in Oregon now, he still recalls that meeting Richard in the way he did gave him a gift that he has treasured forevermore and a cherished relationship that also included meeting The Prince of Wales, this whilst both volunteering for the Prince’s Trust Charity where they helped many young people start their own businesses, one in particular being a gardening venture which Richard being the type of generous person he was duly employed the appreciative couple to work on his own garden, cementing Richard’s thoughtful and helpful approach to others.

Working until he was 77 years old, Richard will always be known as a hard worker, a great salesman, a fantastic speaker and presenter who was highly thought off across all his companies he graced but it was never all work and no play for Richard, helped by being a self-confessed petrol head, not only from working in the trade but also from the pure joy he experienced in his leisure pastimes with his passion for cars, watching the Monaco Grand Prix with a friend in the 70’s to his own Ferrari and Formula 3 Race Track Driving Experiences that he absolutely adored were just 2 of his highlights, as well as owning a MGB and Porsche that he loved. 

Approaching his 60’s, Richard would also find love again, introduced by a friend, he met a lovely lady, Julie who subsequently relocated to Wiltshire to be with Richard. They would also go on to purchase a property in South West France to renovate, named Mason DeFrere which was once part of a Friary, used by the monks to study and pray whilst it was also located not far from his friend Tony and his wife Caroline, travelling regularly to France they enjoyed many good times, strolling around the markets and spending quality time as a foursome together. 

Richard and Julie also enjoyed a shared love of music, at times Richard could be moved to tears demonstrating a real sensitive side to him not often seen but he could lose himself to the tunes of The Eagles or Hollies and seeing live music from the likes of Fleetwood Mac, Eric Clapton, Tony Bennett, Simply Red and Billy Joel are particular fond memories for Julie. 

Julie appreciated Richard’s sharp wit which was often fuelled by his love of the radio programme recently chaired by Jack Dee called ‘I’m sorry I haven’t a clue’, he would cry with laughter and often use the one liners himself to entertain his friends, he was an out and out ‘wordsmith’ loving his crosswords and an avid reader of the humorous dictionary ‘Meaning of Liff’ which again would have him in stitches and characterised his sense of humour perfectly.

Richard and Julie relocated to Essex to be closer to her son and grandchildren but Richard’s heart always remained in Wiltshire so a decision was made for him to return and continue to spend time with his friends, he had always professed that his Parkinson diagnosis would not define him but as the time moved on and following a fall, he was very much grateful to his wonderful friends Gillie and Colin who visited every other day and remained by his side as he sadly lost his battle last month.

We have lost a truly respected and loved man who gave so much to so many and lived a full life surrounded by people who cared for him, so we can be comforted in the knowledge that he has left us all with some treasured memories of time spent in his company.  

Thank you, Richard 

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Reflection Music

How we love by Beth Neilson Chapman

We have shared some lovely memories and I have no doubt you will all have you own personal memories from times spent with Richard, we would now like to give you a little time to reflect on those while we listen to a lovely tune by Beth Neilson Chapman

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Poem

I would now like to share a poem chosen by Julie especially for today’s service and dedicated to Richard and his love of aviation – 

High Flight

Oh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth

And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings;

Sunward I’ve climbed, and joined the tumbling mirth of sun-split clouds – and done a hundred things you have not dreamed of—wheeled and soared and swung high in the sunlit silence.

Hov’ring there, I’ve chased the shouting wind along, and flung my eager craft through footless halls of air ….

Up, up the long, delirious, burning blue

I’ve topped the wind-swept heights with easy grace

Where never lark, or even eagle flew—

And, while with silent lifting mind I’ve trod

The high untrespassed sanctity of space,

Put out my hand, and touched the face of God.

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Tributes

I would now like to invite Ken and Robin to share their tributes to their special friend while we hear in the background a popular song of Richard’s by The Hollies

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Farewell

“We are all visitors to this time, this place. We are just passing through. Our purpose here is to observe, to learn, to grow, to love…and then we return home.”

Richard, we have heard the impact that you had on so many people. Your character, humour and individuality that were so much a feature of your life will live on in our memories and create a beautiful legacy of love for your family and friends for much longer than the acute desolation we are feeling here today. 

Richard it is with such sadness we say goodbye to you, but we thank you so much for every little gift you have contributed to this life.

But most of all we thank you for your love and for your friendship; your warmth and care, and for your kind and humble heart.

We thank you Richard for everything you were and all that you gave, and may you now forever rest in peace with the certain knowledge that you were, are, and will always be, dearly loved and terribly missed. 

Farewell Richard Farewell

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“Always remember you matter, you’re important and you are loved, and you bring to this world things no one else can.”   

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Exit Music

Don’t Stop Thinking About Tomorrow 

By Fleetwood Mac

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Now a selection of my photos.

Richard and me by the Piper Super Cub, registration R151.

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Richard and Alex, my son, in front of G-BPAS, a TB20, at another air show.

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Jeannie, Richard and Julie.

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R151 taking me and Richard to see Mont Blanc. It was the 25th August, 2006.

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Another view of the same valley; again the 25th August, 2006.

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The final photograph of Richard and me meeting the then Prince of Wales.

Background to the friendship.

(Previously published on LfD.)

I first met Richard Maugham when we were being treated to a private jet flight to the Hannover International Fair in 1982, some 43 years ago. We were both English and I was living in Tollesbury, Essex, near Colchester and Richard living near Ealing, West London.

The common thread was that all the passengers were major sellers of the Commodore ‘PET’.

Richard and I hit it off straight away. Richard was a fellow salesman. I was ex-IBM Office Products Division and Richard was ex-Olivetti.

Both of us also volunteered for the Prince’s Youth Business Trust, a charity headed by Prince of Wales, as he was then, helping young people start their own business.

My tribute to Richard who will always be missed.

The US decline in butterflies

The natural world is quite remarkable!

This article was published in The Conversation last Thursday, the 6th March, 2025.

Where we live in rural Southern Oregon is glorious and photos of our locale have been published before. However, I wanted to share this article with you all.

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Butterflies declined by 22% in just 2 decades across the US – there are ways you can help save them

The endangered Karner blue butterfly has struggled with habitat loss. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Eliza Grames, Binghamton University, State University of New York

If the joy of seeing butterflies seems increasingly rare these days, it isn’t your imagination.

From 2000 to 2020, the number of butterflies fell by 22% across the continental United States. That’s 1 in 5 butterflies lost. The findings are from an analysis just published in the journal Science by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Powell Center Status of Butterflies of the United States Working Group, which I am involved in.

We found declines in just about every region of the continental U.S. and across almost all butterfly species.

Overall, nearly one-third of the 342 butterfly species we were able to study declined by more than half. Twenty-two species fell by more than 90%. Only nine actually increased in numbers.

An orange butterfly with black webbing and spots sits on a purple flower.
West Coast lady butterflies range across the western U.S., but their numbers have dropped by 80% in two decades. Renee Las Vegas/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY

Some species’ numbers are dropping faster than others. The West Coast lady, a fairly widespread species across the western U.S., dropped by 80% in 20 years. Given everything we know about its biology, it should be doing fine – it has a wide range and feeds on a variety of plants. Yet, its numbers are absolutely tanking across its range.

Why care about butterflies?

Butterflies are beautiful. They inspire people, from art to literature and poetry. They deserve to exist simply for the sake of existing. They are also important for ecosystem function.

Butterflies are pollinators, picking up pollen on their legs and bodies as they feed on nectar from one flower and carrying it to the next. In their caterpillar stage, they also play an important role as herbivores, keeping plant growth in check.

A closeup of a caterpillar eating a leaf.
A pipevine swallowtail caterpillar munches on leaves at Brookside Gardens in Wheaton, Md. Herbivores help keep plant growth in check. Judy Gallagher/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY

Butterflies can also serve as an indicator species that can warn of threats and trends in other insects. Because humans are fond of butterflies, it’s easy to get volunteers to participate in surveys to count them.

The annual North American Butterfly Association Fourth of July Count is an example and one we used in the analysis. The same kind of nationwide monitoring by amateur naturalists doesn’t exist for less charismatic insects such as walking sticks.

What’s causing butterflies to decline?

Butterfly populations can decline for a number of reasons. Habitat loss, insecticides, rising temperatures and drying landscapes can all harm these fragile insects.

A study published in 2024 found that a change in insecticide use was a major factor in driving butterfly declines in the Midwest over 17 years. The authors, many of whom were also part of the current study, noted that the drop coincided with a shift to using seeds with prophylactic insecticides, rather than only spraying crops after an infestation.

The Southwest saw the greatest drops in butterfly abundance of any region. As that region heats up and dries out, the changing climate may be driving some of the butterfly decline there. Butterflies have a high surface-to-volume ratio – they don’t hold much moisture – so they can easily become desiccated in dry conditions. Drought can also harm the plants that butterflies rely on.

Only the Pacific Northwest didn’t lose butterfly population on average. This trend was largely driven by an irruptive species, meaning one with extremely high abundance in some years – the California tortoiseshell. When this species was excluded from the analyses, trends in the Pacific Northwest were similar to other regions.

A butterfly on a leaf
The California tortoiseshell butterfly can look like wood when its wings are closed, but they’re a soft orange on the other side. Walter Siegmund/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

When we looked at each species by its historical range, we found something else interesting.

Many species suffered their highest losses at the southern ends of their ranges, while the northern losses generally weren’t as severe. While we could not link drivers to trends directly, the reason for this pattern might involve climate change, or greater exposure to agriculture with insecticides in southern areas, or it may be a combination of many stressors.

There is hope for populations to recover

Some butterfly species can have multiple generations per year, and depending on the environmental conditions, the number of generations can vary between years.

This gives me a bit of hope when it comes to butterfly conservation. Because they have such short generation times, even small conservation steps can make a big difference and we can see populations bounce back.

The Karner blue is an example. It’s a small, endangered butterfly that depends on oak savannas and pine barren ecosystems. These habitats are uncommon and require management, especially prescribed burning, to maintain. With restoration efforts, one Karner blue population in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve in New York rebounded from a few hundred individuals in the early 1990s to thousands of butterflies.

Similar management and restoration efforts could help other rare and declining butterflies to recover.

What you can do to help butterflies recover

The magnitude and rate of biodiversity loss in the world right now can make one feel helpless. But while national and international efforts are needed to address the crisis, you can also take small actions that can have quick benefits, starting in your own backyard.

Butterflies love wildflowers, and planting native wildflowers can benefit many butterfly species. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation has guides recommending which native species are best to plant in which parts of the country. Letting grass grow can help, even if it’s just a strip of grass and wildflowers a couple of feet wide at the back of the yard.

Butterflies on wildflowers in a small garden.
A patch of wildflowers and grasses can become a butterfly garden, like this one in Townsend, Tenn. Chris Light, CC BY-SA

Supporting policies that benefit conservation can also help. In some states, insects aren’t considered wildlife, so state wildlife agencies have their hands tied when it comes to working on butterfly conservation. But those laws could be changed.

The federal Endangered Species Act can also help. The law mandates that the government maintain habitat for listed species. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in December 2024 recommended listing the monarch butterfly as a threatened species. With the new study, we now have population trends for more than half of all U.S. butterfly species, including many that likely should be considered for listing.

With so many species needing help, it can be difficult to know where to start. But the new data can help concentrate conservation efforts on those species at the highest risk.

I believe this study should be a wake-up call about the need to better protect butterflies and other insects – “the little things that run the world.”

Eliza Grames, Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Thank you, Eliza, for promoting this article.

If only one person is inspired to make the changes Eliza recommends then republishing this article has been a success.

Picture Parade Four Hundred and Sixty-Three

Two pictures of the moon!

It was a perfect moment.

oooo

An extended focus shot.

German Shepherd Dogs

How to find a good breeder.

This is a long and comprehensive guest post from Michael Kempkes.

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5 Best German Shepherd Dog Breeders in California.

If you are looking for the highest-quality German Shepherd in California, you must choose the right breeder first and this selection will make all the difference. A well-bred German Shepherd is a loyal companion, a skilled working dog, and a trusted member of your family, so the right choice is extremely important. But with so many options available, how to pick a reputable breeder? In this post, we have compiled a list of the top 5 German Shepherd breeders in California for 2025. These breeders are known for their commitment to health, temperament, and ethical breeding practices and for producing strong, well-balanced dogs with excellent genetics. All these breeders provide German shepherds for different purposes whether you are looking for a family protector, a sports dog, or a working-line GSD.

So, let’s just find out the best places to get a well-bred German Shepherd in California.

1. Kempkes Executive K9s (Agua Dulce, CA)

  • Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • Location: 9450 Yucca Hills Rd, Agua Dulce, CA 91390
  • Specialization: Elite German & European Bloodline GSD
  • Certifications: SV, FCI, VA, Schutzhund/IPO Titled German Shepherd Dogs


Kempkes Executive K9s has over 30 years of experience in breeding top-quality German Shepherds. They focus on elite German and European bloodlines, their expertise makes them one of the best breeders in the world. You can trust their dogs to have exceptional traits and strong lineage. They provide top-tier, fully trained imported GSDs from the finest bloodlines perfect as protection dogs and family companions. They put health first, train with care, and build strong temperaments for 100% customer satisfaction. This commitment to quality sets them apart as a top breeder in California. A name you can trust for well-bred, highly trained dogs. They have years of experience working with all types of German bloodline dogs. This includes Malinois, West German Showline German Shepherds, Working Line German Shepherds, Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, and Schnauzers. Their team is skilled in handling these dogs, making sure they receive the best training.

What Makes Kempkes Executive K9s Stand Out?

  • Kempkes Executive K9s is renowned for producing elite German Shepherds with exceptional quality and temperament.
  • Each puppy and dog is carefully selected from the top European bloodline to ensure superior genetics and health.
  • Their German Shepherds undergo three levels of protection training, including guarding, bomb detection, and search and rescue, providing unmatched security.
  • They deliver advanced personalized training program packages to satisfy the personal needs of each family or individual.
  • All dogs are free from genetic health issues, ensuring a long and healthy life for your companion.
  • Their trainers have a deep understanding of German Shepherds’ behavior. They know the behavioral patterns and instincts of dogs. Using this knowledge, they apply proven training techniques to develop effective obedience and confidence in GSDs.
  • Their training programs help improve communication and build trust. Both the dog and owner will feel safe and supported during the entire training.

2. Vom Walters Kennels (Pilot Hill, CA)

  • Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • Location: 5580 Salmon Falls Rd, Pilot Hill, CA 95664, United States
  • Specialization: Finest German VA, V, & Schutzhund imported lines.
  • Certifications: AKC-registered & OFA-certified

Vom Walters Kennels breeds top-quality German Shepherds. They focus on the best German VA, V, and Schutzhund bloodlines. Years of experience help them raise dogs with great temperaments and strong abilities. Passion and commitment set them apart. First-time owners and experienced handlers will find the right match here. Their dogs come with expert care and full support. You also get a pet free from hip and elbow dysplasia.

What Makes Vom Walters Kennels Stand Out?

  • Vom Walters Kennels breeds come from elite bloodlines. These lines have strong genetics, high intelligence, and excellent working skills. 
  • Every dog at Vom Walters Kennels goes through strict health tests and gets OFA certification. They are checked for hip and elbow issues to make sure they are free from dysplasia. This focus on health gives buyers confidence. They can trust their dog will live a long and healthy life.
  • Vom Walters Kennels has dogs grow up in a caring environment and adjust well to different roles. They make great family pets, work with law enforcement, and excel in sports.
  • Vom Walters Kennels goes the extra mile to support their clients for life. They help you choose the right puppy, offer training advice, and continue to assist you throughout your journey together. Their dedication to your success goes beyond just getting a dog. You’ll always have the guidance and resources needed to build a strong bond with your pet.
  • Vom Walters Kennels values quality above all. The health and happiness of their dogs come first. Their breeding program focuses on strong health, good temperament, and following breed standards. Each puppy is carefully bred to represent the true German Shepherd breed.

3. Lundborg-Land (Southern CA)

  • Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • Location: 15110 Harness Hill Drive Perris, California 92570
  • Specialization: Show and Work quality dogs & puppies
  • Certifications: AKC, SV, Schutzhund titled, Hip Certified Dogs

Lundborg-Land is a distinguished breeder located in Southern California, specializing in show and work-quality German Shepherds. With a focus on breeding the German “SV” way, they produce dogs with exceptional temperament, intelligence, and physical structure. They raise puppies and adult dogs in an affectionate environment, which helps them grow confident, friendly, and ready for different roles. Some become loving family pets, while others shine in shows or as working dogs. Lundborg-Land focuses on top health and quality, that’s why German Shepherd lovers trust them.

What Makes Lundborg-Land Stand Out?

  • Lundborg-Land carefully selects their breed for their conformation, intelligence, and drive, making them versatile companions for families, competitors, and working professionals.
  • All dogs at Lundborg-Land are bred for the highest quality and good temperament. They are hip-certified and come from Schutzhund-titled, health-certified parents. This ensures they are free from genetic health issues and have stable, confident personalities.
  • Lundborg-Land breeds German Shepherds with excellence and maintains heritage. They stick to the highest standards set by the German Shepherd Club (SV). 
  • They train puppies well, each one learns obedience training and becomes a well-mannered and well-adjusted adult. 
  • Lundborg-Land offers dog boarding for your convenience, as well as new crates tailored to your dog’s size. They also assist with airplane flight costs, making it easier for out-of-state clients to bring home their new companions.

4. Mountain Valley K9 (Lindsay, CA)

  • Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • Location: 2500 Ave 220, Lindsay, CA 93247, US
  • Specialization: Working Line German Shepherd breeding
  • Certifications: AKC Registration, Hip & Elbow OFA, Schutzhund-titled dogs

Mountain Valley K9, based in Lindsay, California, breeds working-line German Shepherds. They focus on dogs that are smart, strong, and full of energy. These dogs are trained for jobs like family protection and sports. The puppies are raised in a loving home, helping them grow confident and social. The breeder cares about their dogs’ health, temperament, and abilities, making them a top choice for those looking for working dogs.

What Makes Mountain Valley K9 Stand Out?

  • Mountain Valley K9 specializes in breeding German Shepherds, these dogs are known for their strong instincts and quick learning abilities. They excel in protection, search and rescue, and even sports with smooth and efficient training programs. 
  • The breeding program pays close attention to structure, movement, and coat quality. This way, the dogs are not only capable but also look great.
  • Each puppy is checked by a vet, vaccinated, dewormed, and given plenty of love and care. This ensures they are healthy and ready for their new home.
  • Socialization starts early, with puppies being exposed to different sounds and sights. This helps them grow into confident, well-adjusted dogs.
  • Mountain Valley K9 stands behind their puppies. They offer a 100% satisfaction guarantee and provide ongoing support to make sure your dog thrives in your home.

5. Royal Tribes K9 (Beverly Hills, CA)

  • Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
  • Location: 113 North San Vicente Blvd. Suite 348, Beverly Hills, CA 90211
  • Specialization: Black and Long Hair German Shepherd
  • Certifications: Health Guarantee Certificate

Royal Tribes K9 is a luxury breeder based in Beverly Hills. They specialize in rare black and long-haired German Shepherds, these dogs are known for their beauty and wonderful temperaments. The puppies are bred to meet high standards of health, intelligence, and appearance. Royal Tribes K9 aims to provide top-tier companions for clients who want only the best. Each puppy is raised with great care, they are not only stunning to look at but also well-socialized. These dogs are ready to become a beloved member of your family.

What Makes Royal Tribes K9 Stand Out?

  • Royal Tribes K9 specializes in rare black, long-haired German Shepherds. These dogs offer a luxurious choice for anyone looking for a unique companion.
  • Each puppy undergoes thorough health checks to ensure they are in top condition, giving you confidence in their well-being.
  • The puppies are kept up-to-date on vaccinations and follow a strict care routine. This helps lay the foundation for a healthy, happy life.
  • If your puppy develops a hereditary genetic issue within five years, Royal Tribes K9 will replace it with a puppy of equal value. This shows their dedication to customer satisfaction.
  • To help your puppy stay healthy, they provide detailed food and supplement plans. These plans ensure your dog thrives in its new home.

What to Look for in a German Shepherd Breeder

You need to choose the right German Shepherd breeder to bring home a healthy, well-behaved dog. This decision is crucial. Here are four important things to consider when picking a breeder:

1. Health Screenings & Genetic Testing

An authentic breeder would really keep dogs in good health. Health screenings and genetic testing done on the dog would fetch out any potential problems. German Shepherds can have problems like hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and degenerative myelopathy, and ask the breeder for health clearances for the parents. This includes hip and elbow clearances from OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals). They should also test for degenerative myelopathy and other issues. Healthy puppies come from healthy parents, so make sure to ask for this information.

2. Ethical Breeding Practices & Socialization

Ethical breeding and proper socialization are key to raising German Shepherd dogs. These practices help make sure the dogs grow up healthy and well-balanced. They also build confidence and make them better suited for life with families. A responsible breeder follows ethical practices to raise puppies in a clean and smooth environment. Socializing puppies is also key, early exposure to various sights, sounds, and experiences helps build their confidence. It’s important to ask the breeder about:

  • How do they socialize their puppies? 
  • Do they introduce the pups to different people, places, and new things?

This early interaction helps them become well-adjusted adults later on.

3. Registration & Pedigree Verification

A reliable breeder will give you registration papers and pedigree details for their puppies. This shows the dog comes from a proven lineage and follows breed standards. Choose breeders who register their dogs with trusted groups like the:

  • American Kennel Club (AKC)
  • Verein fur Deutsche Schaferhunde (SV)
  • Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
  • the German Shepherd Dog Club of America (GSDCA)

Pedigree details also show the dog’s family history. You can see if its parents or grandparents earned titles or awards. This can help you gauge the dog’s quality and temperament.

4. Customer Reviews and Breeder Transparency

Customer reviews and breeder transparency are key signs of a breeder’s trustworthiness. Check for feedback from past clients. Feel free to ask for references, a reliable breeder will answer all your questions openly. They’ll also let you visit their facility to meet the puppies and their parents. Trustworthy breeders are clear about their practices. Avoid breeders who seem secretive or refuse to share details about their breeding process.

The Bottom Line

The breeders listed here are known for their priority on health, ethical breeding, and expert training. If you need a working-line GSD, a show-quality champion, or a loyal family protector, these breeders deliver top-quality dogs with strong genetics and great temperaments.

You should first visit the breeder to inquire about the breeding standards, health, and many other aspects. The health certifications are of great importance to ensure the dog’s health. A well-bred German Shepherd is a long-term investment that will bring years of loyalty, protection, and companionship. The right breeder will help you find a dog that fits your home and lifestyle.

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The Author’s Bio.

Michael Kempkes grew up in Borken, Germany, and discovered his passion for German Shepherds at the age of nine. Over the years, he has gained deep experience in training, titling, and showing these incredible dogs. Michael has worked with the German Military, training dogs for Personal Protection, Guard duty, bomb detection, and search and rescue. He has earned his official certifications through one of the top schools in the world for K9 training in Koblenz, Germany.

My thanks to Michael.

This was a great guest post. Very informative and very useful information.

Finally, it is shame that all dogs do not live long enough, especially the German Shepherd!

Goodbye Winter

So far as the Northern Hemisphere is concerned.

Just a very short YouTube video.

Why do we love dogs?

A fifteen-minute programme from the BBC.

I recently listened to this episode. It is part of a series on the BBC (Radio 4) that is entitled Why Do We Do That?

Hopefully you can also listen to the programme by using this link: https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0027v43

The information about this episode is published below.

Ella Al-Shamahi asks why do we love dogs? Dogs evolved from wolves but why did they choose us humans to be their best friends? They say dogs are a man’s best friend but all dogs, even chihuahuas are descended from wolves, the grey wolf, a majestic, fierce and incredibly dangerous species. How did this happen but more importantly, why did we start trusting wolves? And when did wolves turn into dogs? Dogs have been a part of our story for a long time. They are depicted in cave and rock art and dogs are a part of our story because of how useful they are. From the mundane everyday hunting and guarding to the epic stories of life saving dogs . But how did we get here? Oxford Professor Greger Lawson studies ancient dog DNA and thinks the evolution from wolves into dogs began when we both realised we could help each other.

Enjoy!